Third World Dependency on First World

ECONOMIC GROWTH: A COMPELLING MOTIVE TO DEPENDENCY â€Å"Is Third World dependency on First World development, practices, and funding avoidable? † By Michael John A. San Roque ABS681M G01 Submitted to: Dr. Ma. Elena Chiong-Javier October 9, 2012 Countries of the world have been sharply divided along development. Countries that are economically buoyant, technologically advanced, and politically stable are termed ‘Developed Countries’ or ‘First World’.On the other hand, countries that are technically and economically backward and are world market’s suppliers of primary commodities are tagged ‘Developing Countries’ or commonly referred to as ‘Third World’ (Aluko & Arowolo, 2010). During the post-world war and until now, Third World countries depend greatly on First World in order to restore and improve their agricultural, technological, political, and economic conditions which are apparently known as development (Patterso n, 1999).This development has connoted at least one thing: to escape from the undignified condition called underdevelopment (Esteva, 1992). No country would say that she doesn’t want development to occur in her lands. Third World countries are â€Å"nothing that wants to be something†. It is, therefore, proper to say that Third World dependency on First World development, practices, and funding is not avoidable. This paper would present the evidences that would support the above notion.The evidences are based on the inevitable support given by Developed Countries in the form of foreign aid, technological, political, and economic advancement that the needy countries lack. Foreign Aid Foreign aid has become a focus and locus in the Third World. The Developing Countries are experiencing the different facets of development problems. First World countries offer aid through investment in the economy of the needy countries, loans, infrastructural development, funding of pover ty-reduction programs, and also through supply of military hardware at subsidised rates.One of the best examples of how a needy economy was not able to refuse a foreign aid was when the US created the The  Marshall Plan  (officially known as the  European Recovery Program,  ERP) that aided  Europe  where the  United States  gave monetary support to help rebuild European economies after the end of  World War II. That quickly revived and integrated European economies into the global economy (Remenyi, 2004). Technology Transfer Third World’s desire to minimize or eradicate the gap that separates their economy to that of the First World makes them receptive to whatever the latter does in order to advance its economy.One thing that Developed Countries have is their sophisticated technology that contributed much to the development of their industrial and agricultural sectors (Remenyi, 2004). The empirical analysis has also shown that the technological capability o f the five richest countries in the world is about 13 times better than that of the five poorest. This technological progress magnetizes the poor countries and makes them realized that if they really want to enjoy the perks of development, they must adopt the advancement in technology of the rich countries (Nazara, 2000).The importance of technology in the industrializing Indonesia’s economic development has been well established. In the era of East-Asia Miracle, the country was regarded as one of the eight economies in the region whose economic growth was founded on technical progress (World Bank, 1994). Political Ideologies The last factor that fosters inevitable dependency of Developing Countries to Developed Countries is their outstanding and influential political ideologies. The world has seen how the excellent governance and political principles brought prosperous economy to rich countries especially the United States.The liberation of countries political mind has been necessary to break the chains of underdevelopment. This has become the stimulus for the poor countries to shift from tribal forms of authority to suffrage, political parties, elected representatives, and democratization. It also paved the way for the adoption of the policy-making strategies, economic-boosting techniques, and the integration of Third World countries to global economy (So, 2011) Dependency: Contemporary Way to Economic DevelopmentThe dependency of underdeveloped countries and domination of the developed ones are reinforced as the Third World states attempt to expand their economies (Patterson,1999). In pursuit of this endeavor, the Developing Countries has opened their hands to aid, practices, and ideologies that the economically, politically, and technologically successful countries are offering making Third World dependency unavoidable. REFERENCES Aluko, F. & Arowolo, D. (2010). Foreign aid, the Third World’s debt crisis and the implication for economic devel opment: The Nigerian experience.Retrieved from http://www. academicjournals. org/ajpsir/pdf/pdf2010/April/Aluko%20and%20Arowolo. pdf Esteva, G. (1992). The Development Dictionary: A guide to knowledge as power. New Jersey: Zed Books Ltd. Ferraro, V. (1996). Dependency Theory: An Introduction. Retrieved from http://marriottschool. net/emp/WPW/pdf/class/Class_6-The_Dependency_Perspective. pdf Nazara, s. (2000). The Contribution of Technology in Economy: The Decomposition of Output Differentials in 1995-2000 Indonesian IRSAM. Retrieved from http://www. iioa. rg/pdf/Intermediate-2006/Full%20paper_Prihawantoro__Nazara. pdf Patterson, T. (1999). The Cold War, decolonization, and Third World development. In T. C. Patterson, Change and development in the twentieth century (pp. 113-150). Oxford: Berg. Remenyi, J. (2004). What is Development? In D. Kingsbury et al. , Key issues in development (pp. 22-44). NY: Palgrave Macmillan So, A. (2011). The Dependency And World-Systems Perspective. Retr ieved from http://www. eolss. net/Sample-Chapters/C04/E6-99A-36. pdf World Bank (1993).

Outline Paper Title: the Common Law Tradition and Sources of Law Essay

I. THESIS STATEMENT: A. Common law is a legal system that is largely formed by the decisions previously made by courts and not imposed by legislatures or other government officials. The reasoning used to interpret this type of law is known as casuistry, or case-based reasoning. It is a strict, principle-based reasoning that uses the circumstances of a case to evaluate the laws that are applicable. Decisions that were made about similar cases are valuable, and the case in question is evaluated on the basis of past cases. The strength of the similarity among the cases, in turn, strengthens the reasoning based on them. B. The term â€Å"common law† also underlines the fact that this type of law did not originate from equity, maritime and other special branches of law. Statutes serve as brief explanations of law and therefore are not very explanatory. Codification is the process by which a statue is passed, expressed within a single document, so that it is understood within existing law rather than creating the need for new laws. C. The common-law system prevails in England, the United States, and other countries colonized by England. The common-law system is used in all the states of the United States except Louisiana, where French Civil Law combined with English Criminal Law to form a hybrid system. Anglo-American common law traces its roots to the medieval idea that the law as handed down from the king’s courts represented the common custom of the people. II. WHAT IS COMMON LAW? A. Common Law is the body of law developed from custom or judicial decisions in English and U.S. courts, not attributable to a legislature. III. WHAT ARE THE SOURCES OF AMERICAN LAW? A. The United States Constitution and the constitutions of the various states B. Statutory Law – including laws passed by Congress, state legislatures, and local governing bodies. C. Regulations created by administrative agencies (such as the United States Food and Drug Administration). D. Case law and common law doctrines. E. Secondary sources of law are books and articles that summarize and clarify the primary sources of law (i.e., legal encyclopedias, treatises, and articles in law reviews). Several SourcesConstitutional, statutory, and case law—these are your tools. The United StatesConstitution is the overriding document. It is the Supreme Law of the Land. Eachstate has its own constitution. State and federal statutes are interpreted by judgesthrough case law. These sources play in each practice area. For example,constitutional law governs searches and seizures in a criminal matter. Statutesprovide the framework for real estate transactions, and case law interprets andapplies both constitutional and statutory law. There is much to learn.| IV.CONSITUTIONAL LAW A. The Federal Constitution i. The United States Constitution, as amended, is the supreme law of the land. ii. A law in violation of the United States Constitution will be declared unconstitutional and will not be enforced. iii. The United States Constitution sets forth the powers of the three branches of the federal government and the relationship between the three branches. iv. Constitutional Rights 1. The first ten amendments to the United States Constitution are commonly known as the Bill of Rights. v. The Courts and Constitutional Law 1. The broad principles enunciated in the Constitution are given form and substance by the courts. 2. Courts Balance the Right to Free Speech a. Even though the First Amendment guarantees the right to free speech, the Supreme Court has made it clear that certain types of speech will not be  protected. 3. Free Speech and the Internet a. The Internet has raised new problems for the courts in determining how to define and apply the protections of free speech. B. State Constitutions i. Each state also has a constitution that sets forth the general organization, powers, and limits of the state government. ii. A state constitution is supreme within the state’s respective borders, so long as it does not conflict with the United States Constitution. C. Constitutional Law and the Paralegal i. Paralegals often assist attorneys in handling cases that involve constitutional rights or provisions. ii. Knowledge of constitutional law is beneficial because the authority and underlying rationale for the substantive and procedural laws governing many areas of law are found in the Constitution. V. STATUTORY LAW A. Statutes are the laws enacted by legislative bodies at any level of government. B. Federal Statutes. i. Federal statutes are enacted by the United States Congress and apply to every state. ii. Any federal statute that violates the United States Constitution will be held unconstitutional. C. State and Local Statutes and Ordinances i. State statutes are laws enacted by state legislatures. ii. Any state law that is found to conflict with the United State Constitution, or with that state’s constitution, will be deemed unconstitutional. D. Uniform Laws i. Uniform (â€Å"model†) statutes are drafted for adoption by the states. ii. A state can adopt or reject all or part of a uniform law, as the state legislature wishes. iii. An example of a uniform law is the Uniform Commercial Code (UCC). E. The Expanding Scope of Statutory Law i. Legislative bodies and administrative agencies assume an ever-increasing share of lawmaking. F. Statutory Law and the Paralegal i. A paralegal may often assist in cases involving violations of statutory law. ii. A paralegal working on cases governed by statutory law needs to know how to both locate and interpret the relevant state or federal statutes. VI. ADMINISTRATIVE LAW A. Agency Creation and Function i. Administrative agencies are created by legislatures to administer and enforce legislation and to issue rules to implement the goals of specific legislation. ii. Examples of federal administrative agencies are: 1. Environmental Protection Agency 2. Occupational Safety and Health Administration 3. Food and Drug Administration. A. Administrative Law and the Paralegal i. Paralegals frequently deal with administrative agencies. 1. Paralegals may also work for administrative agencies, drafting new rules, mediating disputes, and numerous other tasks. Consulting CasesCase law represents judicial opinions. Judicial opinions represent opinions written by judgeson a particular case. Understanding case law can be difficult. It requires analytical skills. Suchskills are acquired over time and after reading many cases. But do not despair. When you findthat perfect case, it will be worth it.| VII. CASE LAW AND THE COMMON LAW TRADITION A. The Origins and Nature of the Common Law i. Common law originated in medieval England with the creation of the king’s court. ii. Courts developed the common law rules from the principles underlying judges’ decisions in actual legal controversies. iii. Judges attempted to be consistent. When possible, they based their decisions on the principles suggested by earlier cases. iv. The practice of deciding new cases with reference to former decisions, or precedents, is a cornerstone of the American judicial system. v. Stare decisis means â€Å"to stand on decided cases.† vi. Under this doctrine, judges are expected to abide by the law as established by previous court decisions. vii. Sometimes a court will depart from precedent if it decides the precedent should no longer be followed. VIII. WHAT IS THE IMPORTANCE OF PRECEDENT TO THE JUDICIAL DECISION-MAKING PROCESS? A. The judicial process is informative, thought-provoking and often insightful, albeit verbose. It is also timely given the intense political nature of current federal judicial confirmation proceedings. Under the doctrine of stare decisis, once a court has set forth a principle of law as being applicable to a certain set of facts, that court and courts of lower rank must adhere to that principle and apply it in future cases involving similar fact patterns. Stare decisis have two aspects: first, decisions made by a higher court are binding on lower courts; and second, a court should not overturn its own precedents unless there is a strong reason to do so. IX. WHAT ARE EQUITABLE AND LEGAL REMEDIES? A. Equitable remedies are judicial remedies developed by courts of equity from about the time of Henry VII to provide more flexible responses to changing social conditions than was possible in precedent-based common law.

Learning Agreement Essay

In R Tours, I was assigned in the Inbound Department and I learned a lot from there. One of the main duties in the department is the inbound operation. The inbound operation consists of several tasks. First to create interesting and excellent tour packages, then, promote them locally and internationally and finally handling them. We may receive request or booking by telephone, fax, letter or email from individuals, local and international groups. Most of the time a normal booking will have information on the type of tour package chosen, the length of stay, the number of people and additional services required such as a buffet set up instead of an a la carte menu or providing the welcome drink in the airport instead of the hotel. Normally we reply by thanking the person or the foreign company involves and we include all the necessary information such as the detailed itinerary, the cost of the tour and most important our confirmation for handling the tour. Then we will wait to get a confirmation from them before starting to make all arrangements and preparations. The confirmation includes the date and time of arrival, the flight number if they are arriving by airplane, names plus passport numbers of clients and the rooming list. It is only after receiving the confirmation that we begin to work on arranging and preparing the booking of hotels, restaurants, transportation vehicles, museum tickets and sometimes airlines tickets if they are intend to fly to the south of the country. We also, arrange the visas and prepare the travel insurance. We assign people who are going to take care of the group such as tour leader, tour guide and driver. Then we prepare the reservation forms and we send them to our suppliers. The reservation form includes the services requested and the number of pax and sometimes more information according to the kind of supplier. In a case of a hotel for example, the reservation form will include extra information such as the date of checking in and out, the number and what type of room and type of payment. Suppliers may be hotel, resort, motel, museum, restaurant, theme park, car rental, motor-coach company, a marina, a diving center or anything else. During peak season we have difficulties in getting the right accommodation or some other services that was mentioned in the tour package, in this kind of situation we, must think of an alternative and inform the client about the changes and finally when both of us agree we proceed with the arrangement. The next task is to handle the group from the first day to the last day. The most important rule with the western group is being punctual because they are used to it and they do not like to wait for anything or anybody even from their own group. Make sure everything goes according to the itinerary timing. All the employees and suppliers involve must take this into consideration. In case of lateness they may complaint and even ask for refund for that particular service. All the time make sure that everything is ready in advance. For example, during the arrival day, the tour guide and the motor coach must be present at the airport at least one hour before the plane lands and provide the tour guide with a small board having the name of the group to make it easier for the group to find him. We need to monitor the group every single day and keep in touch with the tour leader. All the international groups have their tour leader and building an excellent communication or relation with him or her is really important because the tour leader is the one in charge of the entire group and he or she plays a very important role to insure that the tour is conducted as planned. Carrying daily briefing with him or her helps to find out what happened the day before and if any change has to be done for the next day. In the department we need to carry meetings to resolve any kind of problem during the tour. I learned to build strong relation with our suppliers to minimize the problem and complications. In the beginning I was facing many problems of getting what I wanted and it used to take days of negotiation before getting it. I realized that certain suppliers such as five star hotels or dine dining restaurants were not responding positively to our request because they were preferring to deal directly with the customers or with reputed tour operator company. According to their opinion, we were not qualified or capable of bringing much business and I was really disappointed by their discrimination and behavior but my personal and communication skills helped me to accomplish whatever I wanted from them. It is sad to realize that they are used to work this way, they don’t easily cooperate with small companies and I needed to win their trust. Finally they decided to really do business with me and everything was working smoothly after that. I think and believe that these hotels or any other suppliers should cooperate and build a better relationship with the small tour operators in order to benefit from each other. I definitely agree that we were not in the same level as those large tour operators such as Z Tours but we proved to these hotels income as well. However, I was pleased that after many months of hard work, we were able to increase the number of bookings with them month after month. During my time spent in R Tours, I learned to better understand the procedure of handling tour packages. Now I am more confident of myself and well prepared due to all the experience that I had acquired while working there. I would like to conclude by saying that inbound operation is about using your capabilities, trying your strength in all the different tasks involves and be able to solve any problem happening during the tour by relating to your learning experience at the work place.

Summary about the article Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Summary about the article - Essay Example The article also points out the need to promote Native American identity through education, cultural activities, tribal practices and tribal enculturation. The researchers have taken special care to ensure validity and reliability in their study through well-designed survey procedure. Out of the 1,265 completed surveys the researchers eliminate all those participants who fail to meet the selection criteria for the study. Therefore, the current study is limited to 945 participants of whom 529 are females and 416 males. The dependant variable of ethnic identity is measured making use of the 12-item Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure (MEIM) whereas participation in cultural activities is assessed through exploratory factor analysis. The associations between participation in cultural activities and ethnic identity are examined through linear regression. The results of the study show how cultural activities play a pivotal role in moulding ethnic identity among Native American youth. Participants who engage in pow-wows, sweat lodge, drum group or roundhouse dance report higher levels of Native American ethnic identity. Similarly urban youth demonstrate greater levels of ethnic identity than reservation youth. Among female participants the researchers find a significant association between having higher grades and Native American identity and the article emphasises the need to â€Å"find ways to sustain strong ethnic identity† among native Americans (Schweigman, Soto, Wright & Unger, 2011, p. 347). However, one needs to take into account the limitations of the study as well. The results of the study cannot be applied to the general Native American population in California as the sample is cross-sectional and not randomly selected to represent either urban or reservation population. Similarly, one can never undermine the possibi lity of biased information as the survey

International trade, problem question Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

International trade, problem question - Essay Example Hence, if the bank, at which presentation is to be made is closed as a result of any act of God such as in this case, a tsunami, the bank has no obligation to accept or negotiate a credit, which expired at such time it was closed. However, there are exceptions to the rule. If the bank is closed for other reasons, not stated under this article, the period of presentation is extended until the next day when the bank opens. In the case at bar, Maltic Ltd. cannot file a case against Fidelity Bank because the reason for the closure of the bank is due to a force majuere, a tsunami occurred which restrained to banks employees to report for work for three (3) days until the tsunami passes. Therefore, the bank cannot be held liable for the refusal to pay of The Agribusiness Credit Bank. The doctrine of autonomy can also be applied in this instance. Well-entrenched is the rule under Article 3 of the Uniform Customs and Practice (UCP), which states that: â€Å"Letters of credit, by their natur e are separate and distinct from a contract of sale or any other contract on which they may be based and that banks are in no way concerned with or bound by such contract, even if the letter of credit contains a reference to the underlying contract†. It is for this reason that it is deemed that the undertaking by the bank to pay or accept bills of exchange or drafts, nor to fulfil any other obligation under the letter of credit, is not subject to claims of defences by the applicant resulting from its relationship with the issuing bank or with the beneficiary. â€Å"As for the contractual relationship existing between the applicant and the issuing bank, the beneficiary cannot avail itself of any benefit from it because he is not a privy to such contract† (van Niekerk & Schulze 307). Therefore, Maltic Ltd., the beneficiary, cannot hold the Fidelity Bank for the refusal of The Agribusiness Credit Bank to pay of the credit for the simple reason that it is merely a correspon dent bank, which is in the same locality of the exporter, Stevenson Ltd. The role of the correspondent is only to act as the advising bank, the confirming bank and the paying bank. â€Å"The correspondent bank is the advising bank as it informs the beneficiary that the letter of credit has been opened in his favour† (Sarkar 20). In the case of The Agribusiness Credit Bank, it shall be liable to pay Maltic Ltd. on the basis of issuing an irrevocable letter of credit and damages incurred by Maltic Ltd as beneficiary. This is pursuant to Article 9 of the UCP which provides: â€Å"An irrevocable credit constitutes a definite undertaking of the issuing bank, provided that the stipulated documents are presented to the Nominated Bank or the Issuing Bank, and the terms and conditions of the credit are complied with.† In this case at bar, Maltic Ltd. was issued an irrevocable letter of credit by The Agribusiness Credit Bank, based on the following terms: 1. Payment against invo ice, insurance policy, bill of lading and; 2. Certificate of quality signed by two experts from the National Oatmeal Inspectorate. There was no showing that Maltic Ltd. was not able to comply with the documents set forth under terms and conditions provided in the letter of cre

Art history response paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Art history response paper - Essay Example However, he showed little school interest and preferred to copy paintings where his drawing and painting career developed. He is among the greatest all-time living artists in the western tradition. Michelangelo’s impact was immediate achieving a level of influence and fame that could not be precedent. Despite making a few forays beyond art, Michelangelo versatility in the disciplines that he took was of very high order as is often considered a title contender of the archetypal Renaissance man. He mastered a number poetry, media, painting and architecture and considered himself to be a sculptor foremost. His talent was almost immediately recognized as evidenced by bibliographies that we written in his own lifetime. His biography was written and published when he was alive and become the first artist for such a thing to happen. At an  age of 74  years  he  took over from  Antonio the Younger as an architecture at St. Basilica. He transformed the plan, and the western end being finished to his design. In his lifetime, he was referred to as the divine one. One of the qualities that were admired by his contemporaries was his sense of inspiring grandeur to the next group of upcoming artists. He impassioned a highly personal style of art that led in Mannerism that was the next art movement after the High Renaissance. He lived for almost ninety years and at the time he worked for seven popes, witnessed Counter-Reformation and Reformation and saw the widespread utilization of the printing press leading the discovery of America. From Michelangelo historical life, he can be considered as an icon hero in art. Despite being born from a poor family and background, he was able to rise against all odds to be a great influence in the art industry, thus he believed that he was the best and can make it despite the challenges he faced. From his virtues, he was a patient man and was able to develop sculpture, architects

Kamehameha I versus Kamehameha V Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Kamehameha I versus Kamehameha V - Essay Example The first war he waged was in Hana area of Maui, to fight with Kalanikupule’s army under the leadership of Kapakilili. With the war evenly leveled out and with no definite winner, Kamehameha used the British acquired cannons to his advantage, and completely massacred Kapililis army. 3 Kamehemeha’s greatest enemy was Keaua in Hile; who at that time was dividing land among his chiefs, and declared war on the reign of Kamehamela I. With the fierce rivalry between them, Kamehameha I sought for trickery and invited Keaua to come for a peace sacrifice to the god of war, Heiau. Keaua attended the sacrifice ignoring advice from his generals of Kamehameha intentions, and his canoe was attacked and he was eventually killed.. In 1795, Kemehameha’s war party went to Maui, then Molakai, and he later sailed to Oahu where he conquered these lands. Kalanikupule’s forces were routed at Naauanu, and his chiefs and warriors were all killed. Kalanikupules escaped and hid for two years, and was later captured by Kamehameha and killed. This signified the end of war and the entire island of Hawaii were unified and enjoyed peace under the reign of Kamehameha. Kamehameha used the rule of law based on the traditional religion to control the island, and one of the majo r laws in place was the rule of the splintering paddle.4 The rule stated that punishment for robbery and murder was death by the paddle in public. Not new to treachery, Kamehameha kept his chiefs near his court as he closely observed them. 5 George Vancouver, a British emissary to North West coast became a great friend to Kamehameha and eventually Kamehameha ceded Hawaii to British rule. Kamehameha had to restructure his government to be in accordance to the British Empire demands; on the agreement, the British Empire was not to interfere with the running of the islands. Kamehameha had to seek advice from two of the British counsels in

Ecotourism and community development Assignment

Ecotourism and community development - Assignment Example Ecotourism involves travelling to natural places with the aim of conserving the environment and improving the livelihood of the inhabitants of the region Forsyth (2010). Edgell (2006) argues that as a trend, ecotourism emerged in 1980 s and it involved small-scale visits, however in the recent years people have become more aware of it leading to its grown popularity. In Thailand, ecotourism has several benefits that point towards the conservation of the natural environment especially the Thai’s mangrove forests. Sirinart Rajini mangrove-ecosystem learning centre is the first product of the government’s effort to promote ecotourism. Created from an abandoned shrimp farm the centre aims to provide the residents with practical knowledge on the importance of promoting ecotourism. Following the establishment of a shrimp farm in the Sirinart Rajini ecosystem, the natural mangrove forest and environment was greatly affected and therefore the government aims to restore it by pr omoting ecotourism (Thanomrak, 2011). The centre works with the local communities to promote environmental conservation through soil conservation and reforestation. The centre therefore aims at establishing a sustainable ecosystem that benefits people and other inhabitants of the environment. ... The definition also includes the desire to conserve the natural environment as the second objective of ecotourism. Ecotourism generally targets the creation of awareness in people on the need to conserve the deteriorating natural resources (Wood, 2002). Ecotourism also promote the development of the local communities through promotion of economic activities that are aimed at the conservation of the natural environment and resources. Through ecotourism programs, the government is also pushing its agenda of poverty eradication through the promotion of sustainable community development projects Neth (2008). Although ecotourism has massive and notable benefits, some scholars have pointed at some disadvantages on the activity that focus on the long-term developments. Promoting ecotourism has led into encroachment into the natural environment and this has caused ecological imbalance. The process has therefore led to the destruction of ecosystems that are of great biological importance for the future generations. The need to generate more revenue has accelerated the pace of destruction of the natural environment and therefore the country would do better without the activity. Ecotourism has also exposed native communities of the country to external influence and this has promoted cultural interference (Belanger, 2006). The activity has therefore weakened the culture of the Thai people that had been one of the strongest cultures of the world. Through promoting ecotourism, cultural and religious values that are of great importance to the people and the country are being eroded constantly. The government is therefore conscious of the long-term effect of the activity in the

Protecting Your Child from Internet Pornography t Research Paper

Protecting Your Child from Internet Pornography - Research Paper Example According to Goessl, one merit of the internet is that it has increased the ease of access to information and news worldwide. With just a click, one can get access to news happening all over the world. One is also able to read newspapers from other countries online. In most cases, the publication of news on the internet is faster than on major media networks. In June 2009 for instance, the government enforced a ban on foreign media in the aftermath of the Iranian election. Through Twitter, however, news of street protests was able to get to the rest of the world. Actually, people were able to upload a video of one protester that the police had shot on you-tube (2). The internet has also positively contributed to the cementing of networking among individuals quickly and efficiently. In the wake of the 1995 Kobe earthquake in Japan, for example, the internet proved very useful in rallying volunteers to assist in evacuations (Nomura, 2). More recently, during the devastating earthquake in Haiti, charity organizations were able to help the victims by giving their contributions online. Additionally, Haitians in the Diaspora were also able to look for missing family members by submitting their names online and waiting for feedback from people on the ground. The internet has also been invaluable to companies and individuals who conduct business. They are able to advertise and sell their products online. A good example is that of the Google search engine, one of the world’s largest companies. Google has optimized the searches that people carry out by matching their searches with corporations that vend similar products. They do this using ad words and when one clicks on any of the adverts, the companies pay Google for that (Historyofthings.com, para8).

Journal Writing Essay Example for Free

Journal Writing Essay During this class I have made two self- discoveries that will positively impact my career goals. Those self- discoveries has helped to mold, and shape me into a student that I have never thought I would be. Those discoveries were that I am an organized learner, because I made a study plan to help me determine when, and how I would study. Being that I have five children, I had to make sure that I had set a schedule so that my course work including study time would not affect my family time and take away from spending time with my children and fiance`. Since these are the competing priorities in my life right now learning to obtain trust and consistency in the home while I have been attending school has also improved because not only do I see my success so does my children and fiancà ©. Knowing that I had that support also has made it possible to do my best in school, setting the pace for them to do the same in school also, whether it be good grades, sports, etc. I know that they will continue to be good at what they do and have proven to do so time after time. Another self- discovery that I have made that will positively impact my career goals is my willpower. Willpower has become my greatest strength. Being able to control what I do, leaded to personal improvement. I realize that lack of willpower not only causes you to lose focus it also allows you to fail to achieve goals. My ability to resist short-term temptations have helped me to meet some of my long term goals already. There has never been a day that I thought that I could not achieve my goals. I kept a positive mindset just so I could keep going. Negativity takes a lot of willpower from you and I think success is a part of having a positive mindset. Having that determination was not easy at first I can say that, but having that willpower and thinking about my future will positively impact my career goals. Two self-discoveries that I believe will positively impact my personal life, o ne is my happiness. If I am not happy there is nothing good that will come out of being unhappy. In my life I noticed that unhappy people wait for something to make them happy. Happy people make themselves happy without hesitation because they choose to have  positivity surround them in all areas of their lives. I am that happy person, I do not feel like being unhappy because it drains energy, it drains potential, it sucks the life out of you, and it keeps you from becoming successful. I am happy because I am not afraid of change, I am valued, and I attend school knowing that I am a success story. I learned to create positive changes in my life. In doing so this has made a positive impact on my personal life. My character will also have a positive impact on my life. Knowing who I am, my beliefs, values, and morals. The clearer I became about what I value and what I believed in the more effective I became not only for me, but for my family, my friends, and my peers. I have this thirst for knowledge and a thirst to make the best out of any situation and this impacts my personal life in so many positive ways because when I know who I am , my children will learn their true identity because they are my children and they share the same DNA. My grandmother use to tell me that I can be different from everyone else and still be blessed and fabulous, and I believed her.So this has played a part in my self- identity. I also had to explore what my heart wanted, so that I could truly identify who I was, the most beautiful thing that could have happened to me was unfolding that I was an excellent mother, a great friend, and a superb student. Knowing these few things lead me to know who I was in the beginning and knowing this has made a positive impact in my personal life. My biggest take way from this course is keeping a growth mindset and knowing that I always have room for improvement. I want to keep ownership over my learning experience. I am in control of my success. I am able to keep this in mind and always grow with it. This is something that I had to develop because when I was younger I had a fixed mindset I did not want to change because I was set in my ways and it felt like everything I was doing had failed me, so I figured that I would quit trying and give up. One day that change I started thinking of other approaches of how to be better and I used trial and error as a way of figuring out what I needed to do. So as I was thinking and applying I realized that I had that growth mindset and I have kept it all through the years. While learning about the fixed mindset and growth mindset I gained a better understanding on what life is really about also and I saw the bigger picture. The way I perceived it to be is to  noticed that if something is not working right the way you are doing it, then try another way and if that works out better than stick with it, but have fun with it and be creative and then you will be successful that way . Life is about trial and error and never giving up no matter what.

Caroll is a subsidiary

Caroll is a subsidiary Introduction Caroll is a subsidiary of the Vivarte group since 1988. This brand is one of the ready-to-wear sectors successes, which has been known and appreciated by many women for over 40 years. Caroll is particularly renowned for the quality of its products. With over 350 stores, about 100 of which are abroad Caroll is a brand that is ever growing both in France and internationally. Carolls culture is based on a shared brand vision:  § Strong product identity,  § A high degree of adaptability,  § An innovative brand/distributor concept. The companys niche was knitwear only. The 1970s were boom years! In the 1980s, Caroll began to evolve†¦In 1980, it added a ready-to-wear collection and its first franchise shops in France. In 1984, Caroll opened its first branch shops. Four years later, Caroll International was listed on the stock exchange and the Andrà © group, which was to become Vivarte in 2001, purchased a large share in the company. The 1990s were revolutionary! In 1994, Caroll International defined a new positioning for itself, creating the â€Å"Caroll Paris† brand and introducing new strategies with a view to becoming a key player in the world of fashion, for a targeted yet sizeable female clientele, well informed and with high standards. In just a few years, Caroll International succeeded in completely changing its image and significantly increased its market share. After having transformed its network in France, Caroll International began to expand in other countries in 1997. Since 2000, Caroll has strengthened its image by taking on a huge challenge: the application of luxury codes to distribution. With a wealth of experience in its sector, the Brand is now particularly appreciated for the quality of its products, its expertise and its style. Part One: Marketing Audit A. Corporate Level 1. The company mission Caroll has its styling bureau in Paris. This bureau detects trends and creates collections it able to react quickly and design new products. Caroll missions are to design fashion clothes women, staying at the top of the fashion each seasons. The second mission is to sell this clothes and accessories by franchising new shops all around the world. 2. Company objectives goals In order to faced with constantly evolving fashion, Caroll has chosen to continuously renew itself and launch new models, new colours throughout the season. The goal is to keep up with the latest looks. Caroll has to answer to the women wants. So, clothes are perfectly cut, the choice materials are an important part of its renewed. Caroll doesnt offers only clothes fashion, it also sells accessories: scarves, jewellery, belts, bags, shoes, etc. B. Marketing Mix: 4 Ps  § Product: Caroll has a large range of products. All the products are based on three same styles that are based on the â€Å"details finishing† and the â€Å"high quality material† used. The silhouettes are really important: o 3 trends o 3 styles o 3 lines All the products shapes are well defined and cut in chosen materials, which offers a very elegant to order outfits. Caroll collection:  § Blouses  § Coats  § Dresses  § Jackets  § Pants  § Skirts  § Sweaters The Accessoires:  § Bags  § Jewels  § Stole Carolls activity is based on stitch and the brand has successfully diversified its product thanks to chain and weft. Its a great benefit for the brand because it allows to sell more products. In other words a customer comes into a shop with the idea to find a coat. But when the customer comes out the shop sure he buys a coat but he already leaves the shop with several accessories. Caroll knows how work with noble material like silk or Kashmir. Colours are also important because the brand has created specific range of colours. More than that with an international implantation the firm has to be aware of the cultural importance accorded to colours and she is. Caroll answers every women need or desire â€Å"clothes† â€Å"accessories†. The range of product is large and diversified: this is a good way to attract more and more customers and to enlarge at the maximum the profile of customers. But the range can be â€Å"City†, â€Å"Sportswear† or â€Å"Diva† it is always quite classical and modern. So every woman customers who belong to the middle class who like fashion and style can be seduce by Carolls products.  § Price: Caroll launches large range of price in order to attract every woman with a middle purchasing power. In that way the price is adapted to the purchasing power of customers. The price is totally in correlation with the target customers. Caroll is offering a good quality-price ratio. Place At the beginning, Caroll sold its products in retail shops. They start to open Caroll franchises in 1980. The decoration is simple but stylish to give an atmosphere of elegance. The stores are whites, black and grey. Those three colours are the symbol of sophistication and chic. In France, you can find the Caroll store in â€Å"chic† places; for example you will find a store in Paris Rue Vaugirard which is a street know for it chic stores. Places have to be on the same line that style of the stores. In France, Caroll possesses 70 stores which makes France the first place implantation (in terms of numbers of stores). The second one is Spain. The brand is also represented in Japan, Lebanon, Portugal, Martinique, Reunion Island, Spain, Switzerland, Tunisia We can say that Caroll is already internationally well developed, with shops in many countries and in the most European Capital! Promotion Caroll communicates through well-know press magazine like  « Biba  »,  « Glamour  »,  « Mme Figaro  »,  « Marie-Claire  »,  « Gala  »,  « Elle, Marie-France  ». Those are French magazine for woman readers aged between 25 and 35 years old. That shows that Caroll targeted a special group of woman. The SWOT Analysis underline that Caroll has a strong experience in international market. One of the main opportunities for Caroll is that this brand profit from the Glamour image of Paris. Despite the international crisis the growth rate in developing country is stile positive (the Chinese growth rate objective for 2009 is 8%). So it exist strong opportunities for an implantation of the brand in developing country and especially in China. For instance the Chinese middle class is not able to buy the Caroll s clothes but more than 10% of Chinese have a purchasing power equal of European countries. So it represents at least more than 100 millions people. And in a close future it will touch much more. Caroll has to develop a strong communication with a good marketing strategy. But the Chinese market has its own cultural specificity and the company Caroll has to be conscious of that. D. Market Positioning E. Boston Matrix If we take a look at the three Carolls division, Clothes, Accessories, and customized Services, we can see that the first department generates the cash that is used to pay the several costs of the company, the salaries, taxes, supplier, etc. It means that the cash created is used for â€Å"the daily work† (or short term). The growth rate of Caroll is almost the same as the sector level. Accessories and bags also generate cash and have a higher growth rate than the clothes sector. The level of cash generated is lower but those products are the best growth of the brand. The return on investment is high for the stars and for the cash cow products. But actually the customized service does not have a lot of market share and the activity is decreasing. The Question Mark, it linked with the special materials that they are using. For example the silk which is used for a specific range of clothes. But this specific range is a trend and the special materials are not gone be used next season (or trend). Thats why they have to be aware of new trends and anticipate them in order to adapt materials to the future trends. Part Two: External Audit A. Chinese Colours Analysis The I-Ching regards black as Heavens colour. White represented gold and symbolized brightness, purity, and fulfilment. White also is the colour of mourning. The Chinese people, both ancient and modern, cherish the colour red. Red is everywhere during Chinese New Year and other holidays and family gatherings for it symbolizes good fortune and joy. Blue-green indicates spring when everything overflows with vigour and vitality. Yellow symbolizes the earth. The old saying, Yellow generates Yin and Yang, meant that yellow is the center of everything. Colour embodies an even richer culture in Chinese folk traditions. Yellow is the colour for emperors. Yellow often decorates royal palaces, altars and temples. So Carolls main problem is the colour that they are used normally for the brand. And black and white clothes are not a good colour code for Chinese implementation. To conclude Caroll has tow choices. They can adapt colours clothes to Chinese taste or it can count on the western countries fashion influence. Another option is to use both colours style. Of course this colour positioning will be the most expensive strategic choice. Thats why Caroll has to really take into account the cultural differences! Maybe hire local employee in order to create the most adapted range of product is the best option that they have to minimize risk of mistakes. B. Chinese Population evolution 2006 The age pyramid in 2006 shows that people between 25 and 49 years old represent the most important part of the Chinese population. It is exactly the target that Caroll has. C. Chinese Key figures One person on five of the planet is a Chinese. China counts more than 20 metropolises of more than 5 millions inhabitants. With 752 millions active Chinese, China is a reservoir of inexhaustible manpower. The current income per inhabitant is 1090 dollars (100th world rank) but increases very fast. 300 000 Chinese have a heritage exceeding 1 million dollars. China: 651 TV channel and 1000 radio stations. It is the 2nd market behind the United States. D. Carolls Target Caroll has an advantage it is a French brand. French brands are known as good taste in term of fashion. Chinese women like the â€Å"French Touch† so a French brand has a crucial advantage in comparison with non-French competitors. French clothes in Chinese women mind means: fashion, good quality. Actually, in China the middle class represents 80 millions persons. But in 2010 the Chinese middle class will represents more than 200 millions people! A huge and wide market in constant growth is opening for Caroll. According to the national office of Chinas government statistics the income of the Chinese population doubled between the year 2002 and 2006, evolving from 1.100 dollars to 2.010 dollars. More precisely Caroll segment is composed by active woman. These women have between 25 and 40 years old. They are described as active woman working in megalopolis cities. F. Porters Five Forces   Threats of new Entrants: Threats for Caroll to be faced with new competitors are high. As every one knows China is gone be the first world economy. More than that we have to bear in mind that one person on six of the world population is Chinese. In that way China is a new market opportunity and Carolls company is not in a situation of monopole. New inteznatà »Ãƒ ¿nao entranus hmve clso the0wil|ingness to takea syt in th} Chonese market. Move dungerous its the apparitionand$devmlopment,of à ½ocal fià ¶m!  ­But$Caro}~owinnovmotioon{liwuesringosladvcntages wo fight#new0gntsant'{ukh as: †¢+Absoluto cost aovantage†¢ Qrop{ietiv}p{owwwu~ve— Acessto }otwus†¢ Governmeà ¾v policy†¢ economie{ ofscale †¢!Capktal,reqy{emn}OÃâ€"Branà ¤$identià ´{  ­Bargainyno sowev of#Suppliess: If?Caroll necives wocwrk tive{tywwitx {hingsw wu|poiur{ yn5ordgr,for e}amp|ebto reduce the costs of transportation, the branf willbm gboe to reduce the products price in order to be equal to$the price market. Indeed working with the local supplier pezmkts o.rudco many costs and most of all to satisfy at best thu gustomers needs. There are a lot of potential Chinese supplie~s, so Carlo will be in a strong bargaining power compare to suwpoiwrw.$ oBwyerlPowerz The Carolls target is, at the launching ofthe%braodbin China, working women with a high purchesing power.pB}t-rap{dmy`witl uhg mconomic g~owth of China, more and more women would be able to buy Caroll clothes. So rapidly what was a niche market for Caroll will began a mass market. Threat of substitutes products: Clothes dont have threat to see enter substitutes products. Everybody needs clothes. But there is an important phenomenon that is counterfeiting. Chinese have a strong knowledge on counterfeiting. Chinese industry is known to copy everything especially clothes, shoes and accessories. The main risk for Caroll is to see its product ranged copied and sold at a very low price. Caroll rivalry among firms: In China Carolls main competitor is Alain Manoukian who is well established. Other fashion houses are also present. Caroll might find it hard at first, it will have to convince the Chinese customer of the quality of the product and also underline the French aspect of the range since the Chinese is very fond of French fashion. Part Three: Caroll Strategic Marketing Plan A. Product Caroll has to base his marketing product on developing special colours for Chinese woman. Caroll style is based on elegance and simplicity and the new products have to have the French Touch in order to seduce Chinese woman. They have to do marketing research on the customs, traditions and religion of Chinese people in order to avoid intercultural problems and sales decrease. The most positive colour is red so Caroll should develop a red range of clothes. Despite the superstition, black is getting more and more popular thanks to the western influence. The white colours should also be avoided in order to stay away issues on sales. The environment analysis shows us that Caroll should also take care of the climate that changes from one region to another. B. Price Caroll has to adapt its products prices according to the target. So to begin the brand should keep a high price to attract women with a high purchasing power. But rapidly (Less than 10 years) Caroll could get more customers thanks to China growth. This country will get more women with middle class purchasing power. So in order to catch this new population, Caroll could decrease a little the range price. C. Place / Distribution How to choose the opening of Caroll stores? One answer is based on the repartition of the population according to the purchasing power. A map of the different density can help Caroll to decide where to implement their store. China has an important density in the big cities like shanghai, Beijing, Canton, Hong- Kong, Schuan, Henan and Shenzhen. The east coast of China is the must interested part of china because the middle class population is there concentred. In the close future, the middle-class population will migrate to the big metropolis cities and a new class will appear. This target is the key success of the next five years. In the rest of China the population is very scattered. Opening stores there will be a waste of time and money. People are poor and are not very concerned by fashion. In China the most famous distributor place is mall, which is an American influence. As a result, Caroll should open its store in this mall in the biggest cities of the East cost. These malls create a fashion image and Caroll positioning will be higher. The target chosen is the common customer in those shopping centres. A French brand in this shopping place is certain to find the clients. It is a trendy place where the French touch will be appreciated. Chinese customers will be curious about a new brand of quality. Maybe Caroll could create a partnership with Carrefour (a French hypermarket group). The idea is quite simple, open stores in these hypermarket areas (not all off them of course). Hypermarket attracts people and Carrefour is actually well implanted in China. But these establishments could be harmful for the â€Å"Chic† image of Caroll†¦ Stores As we know Caroll stores decoration is white and grey. We saw that those colours are negative in the Chinese customers minds. The best colours could be red and black, we also saw that black is getting used and the negative impression decreased. Logistic organisation The production centre has to be in a city very accessible by airport or boat. The city has to be in the middle of the east cost in a city like Shanghais. The goods redistribution will be easier and also reduce costs. A study has to be made considering the local rent, the transportation plan, and the place of the different store. D. Promotion / Advertising In France, Caroll only uses magazine. In China, the company has to advertise a lot more because the brand is not very known. At first I think that the objective is to be known! The brand should use television ad, and continue the press magazine. Woman from Chinese middle class love read press magazine. The first store opening has to be a big event as Louis Vuitton, Caroll should organize a big private sales and a big party to promote the brand. To be well known in China, the TV campaign has to be strong at the launch of the brand. Caroll can also communicate trough billboard and trough Internet. Today feminine web sites are very developed and advertising in those sites is a good way to touch a lot of potential customers. The campaign has to be class by showing a group of modern workingwoman wearing Caroll outfits. The group will be composed on European and Chinese woman working together and having fun together. The ad message is that everywhere in the world, at work, or during the night, all nationality girls can were Caroll and be class during all day long. The ad will be in Chinese with French subtitles for example. Conclusion Even if the potential target is now small (a niche), we can forecast that in ten years, the middle class will have a purchase power multiplied by ten. So, it seems profitable to target this audience right now in order to be an established brand in couple of years. Especially in this case the marketing function is a determinant point of the long term strategy for Caroll. The company will also have to be cautious concerning the market environment and not enter it without studying the culture closer, the political environment†¦ The brand will have to adapt its products if it wants to answer the customers needs. Not only will it have to adapt its products, but it will also have to invest in advertising. Communicating the brand through specialized magazine will not be enough to gain notoriety, bill boarding, posters in bus stops and in subways, would be the best way to introduce the brand. This major advertising campaign should take place before Caroll opens its first shop. Endorsement will also be very important to implant the brand rapidly. There is no reason that Caroll should not succeed in the Chinese middle class market, because its competitor Alain Manoukian is well-established! à ° Caroll does a good marketing strategic choice to launch its brand in China and if the marketing mix is well respected, Caroll will have good opportunities to be present in Asia the future biggest continent in term of economy. Bibliography http://www.iiasa.ac.at/Research/LUC/ChinaFood/data/anim/pop_ani.htm http://www.sinoptic.ch/textes/articles/2007/2007_Projection.population.Chine.pdf http://www.caroll.com/ http://www.quickmba.com/strategy/matrix/ansoff/ http://www.12manage.com/methods_porter_five_forces_fr.html http://www.marketing-etudiant.fr/ http://www.societe.com http://goliath.ecnext.com http://www.transnationale.org http://chineseculture.about.com/ http://chinese-school.netfirms.com/businessculture.html

Development Of Cruise Industry And Time Sharing

Development Of Cruise Industry And Time Sharing Abstract Since the last ten years the market has seen an extensive growth in the contemporary cruise industry and there has been an increase in customer research on the innovative naval design ideas, lengths of the cruising ships, including splendid destinations on the global scale, including on-board and on-shore activities, as these are the plans that can help the people in getting the vacations they want. OBJECTIVES This paper will attempt to explore Cruise Market Timesharing along with important market predispositions, and important and valuable markets for the cruising business. The paper will also explore the competitive nature of the cruising industry along with the major competitors in the cruising industry also taking into account the leading business strategy. INTRODUCTION Development of Cruise Industry Cruise industry symbolizes a small part of the vacation business environment which itself is a very small portion of the leisure business. The cruise industry is attributed by extraordinary value proposition, great demand, favorable guest demographics, high guest fulfillment rate and positive supply vs. demand balance. The business has seen a large development over time and it is anticipated to grow more in the following years. Though, in 2009, the development in business has turned down, but it is anticipated to lift up again as the global economy improves progressively from the recession. Seeing the development potential in cruise industry, the number of competitors has raised and the existing competitors will be growing their capabilities in the following years. (Middlemiss McNulty, 2007) The cruise industry has its roots dating back to the 1970s and this is the era that has been seen an enormous growth in the North American industry. It has been seen that there has been an increase of popularization that is considered as a key factor in the tourism sector with an increase in the cruising business becoming an important economic factor. Cruise industry is an important example of the globalization having many destinations all around the world, the customers of cruising industry belong to various countries as well as the employees of the cruising industries are from various continents. In addition to this an important fact is that in the past there was an increased level of detachment from the rest of the societies and the countries that are now reduced along with an increase in an economic, legal, ecological and social implication. A crisis-resistant industry with a varied offer of airlift choices and ports that are more modernized have made people choose cruising as an option for having vacations as there is an increase in the consumers knowing the fact that cruising is more relaxing, eventful and an adventurous choice for more than a million consumers coming in to cruise from global destinations. Cruising is now considered as a dynamic business that has been known for an increase in the products that it has offered with a development in potential markets. As observed there has been an average 8.5% increase in the annual growth in cruising industry since the last 20 years, with an addition of almost 90 million passengers since the 80s. the reports have suggested that more than 60% of the current customers have been generated in the last ten years . since that time there has been no slowing down as there were more than 13 and 13.5 million passengers between 2008 and 2009 as compared to 13 million in the year of 2007, and these increases are also being observed in the coming years. An important part to be considered in the case of cruising industry is the capacity and since the last ten years and more there has been an increase in the capacity of cruise industry. The history has it that there were only 40 cruise ships in 1980s, with an addition of 80 vessels in the 1990s, with a 40% increase between the years of 2000 and 2005. These years these fleets have joined newly designed ships that have caused a 25% increase in the cruise ships. Recently there has been an increased investment in newer and more innovative ships that have a capacity of more than 3,000 passengers. These ships promise to offer lower shipping and cruising rates thereby helping in developing a better economy of scale . Some of the activities that are offered by these ships include multi-story shopping centers, cafes, restaurants, art galleries. Thereby these ships offer more than just the cruising experience to the customers. In the case of cruising ships it has been seen that there is a fleet that has a capacity to carry more than hundred cruise ships having the capacity of carrying more than millions of passengers. These ships travel and cruise through many geographical locations on the global scale that can cover more than 500 destinations worldwide. Of these, these days, Caribbean cruises are the most popular ones, than the Mediterranean cruises and European cruise ships that have reached destinations that include Barcelona, Athens and the Greek Islands, Amsterdam, the Scandinavia Fjords, Helsinki, and San Petersburg. However, the North America is the main market for cruise trade. Though the area signifies the most mature marketplace of cruise business, with mainstream of travelers originating from the United States, it is still immature with large potential. Therefore, business players are working to raise their ship capabilities and lower berth capabilities to fulfill the increasing need of the business. Europe is the 2nd largest marketplace after North America, symbolizing the fastest developing marketplace. The European cruise business continues to boost its share of the international cruise marketplace, with United Kingdom being the biggest shareholder in the European marketplace. (Anonymous, 2006) The major strengths of the cruise line market are its extreme desirability among customers. Cruises attract to the US citizens desire of adventure. The 2nd strength is that cruise lines industry has demonstrated a great capability to modify their product to fulfill famous social trends and extend into untapped marketplaces. The current trend to present a large range of entertainments and the current fame of Theme Cruises has been a worthwhile asset. The presenting of different priced cruises is also sign of the industrys capability to change and as a consequence expand their marketplace. The spreading out into foreign marketplace is further proof of this strength (Mancini, 2003). The cruise line market has shown the capability to not only discover new marketplaces, but to take over them as well. And the final benefit is that the cruise line business operates at 100 percent capacity. The international cruise business is now looking towards Asia as a key development engine. The Asian cruise industry is increasing at a good growth pace. With the increasing middle class group and the growing interest of individuals in cruising businesses, this area gives ample development potential for the players. Being among the top ideal destination for passengers, the Australian and Singapore cruise market can witness large development in upcoming years. With an increase in the business of the cruising industry there has been an increase in the demand of better organizational structures and better planning and strategic structures that can increase competition on the global scale. These competitions are based on the potential markets that are being focused and that have been able to generate higher revenues with an addition of the markets from North America and Britain. Safety and Security Recently it has been found that the number of tourists worldwide who hire cruise vacations stands at approximately 13.4 million, symbolizing around 1.8 percent of the total global travel market, as anticipated by the World Tourism Organization. Roger Cartwright and Carolyn Baird, 2007 also mentioned that the far from being disheartened at this existing level of market portion, the business fully identifies the opportunities ahead as players expand into modern forms of cruises (containing the niche budget option); set their objectives on various demographic groups; and, head for new waters. (Cartwright Baird, 2007) Within one year there are more than 13 million passengers who enjoy the cruising each year and the main aim behind these cruises is to ensure the safety and enjoyment of the cruising customers. The help of extra protection provided by law enforcement agencies, FBI and U.S. Coast Guard, ensures the safety of the customers. In order to maximize the protection of the customers there are numerous codes that are to be followed by the cruise lines. CLIA policies have been recently approved that ensure an increased level of security. On an annual basis an examination known as Control Verification Certificate examination is conducted by the U.S. Coast Guard. An important part of the cruising industry is a Security Committee that is composed of security officers. These security officers are responsible for meeting the law enforcement and intelligence agencies in order to discuss the issues that relate to ship security and intelligence assessments. Competition in Cruise Industry Currently the cruise line business has been undergoing a period of huge development over the last 10 years. By some calculations, the cruise market in US alone has earned over $32 billion during 2005. Such income makes sure that the cruise business remains one of the very competitive across all marketplaces. Even smaller marketplaces have been experiencing a boost in cruise business operations. The Canadian marketplace has seen some ports increased over ninety cruise ship callings on a yearly basis and this is a large amount of traffic for a conventional smaller market. Therefore, the competitive profile for the business has boosted in terms of market share and competitive contention. (Dickinson Vladimir, 2007) These days it has been seen that the cruise shipping volume is smaller as there are barriers associated with the entrance and exits along with higher costs of selling and purchasing the cruise ships. In addition to this there are higher investments needed in the managing cruise lines as there are influences of these purchases on the multiple strategies related to organizational and management of these cruise lines. Important actors that have been identified in the case of increased and changing bargaining power and capability of the cruise industries in order to gain advantages of better economies include the size of the market that is effective in two different ways; a) There are a lesser shipbuilders and technology developers in the cruising industry that are able to accept the prices that are offered to them; b) There are a large number of suppliers and equipment thereby there is a great choice of bargain; Thereby there are a lesser number of companies left that are more vary of the potential threats that are faced by the companies for the clientele in order to provide the customers with options as improved vacation strategies, sightseeing vacations, including thematic parks. There are many opportunities that have caused planning diverse strategies that can help the specialization in specific areas of business. Newly designed strategies have also helped in the development of better cruising products that help to serve massive consumer markets. There has been a great change in the marketing strategy along with a great change in the brand image that has caused an improvement in the commercial environment. DISCUSSION The cruise industry has been seen to be threatened by such events as Achille Lauro hijack in 1985, the Iraq and Kosovo wars, and September 11 attacks, and these include the process of restructuration and merging in the cruising sector. Among the cruising companies, Renaissance Cruises was among the first ones to file for bankruptcy in 2001, after this American Classic Voyages and ten well-known brand names, a result of which there was a cease in operations thereby leaving the market open for the largest cruise companies that include Carnival Corporation, Royal Caribbean Cruise Limited and Star Cruises. The Carnival Corporation, having a headquartered in Miami and London is considered as a leader in the cruising industry. This is the company that has over 12 cruise brands in North America, Europe and Australia operating more than 89 cruise ships, along with more than 65,000 shipboard employees and 170,000 guests all around the world. It has been seen that the corporate offices of some of some of the cruise companies are located in the United States and Europe as the clients of these organizations. The companies have their fleets registered in the countries as Panama, Bermuda, Liberia, and Bahamas. Some of the main revenues that are generated in this case are from the passengers and by the help of maintaining the clients that helps in the financial stability. On the other hand, it has been seen that the cruise fares play important roles in the commercial relations of the cruise industry. These days there is an increase in the number of items and services provided by the cruising ships for the customers. For instance as compared to the older days there is an increased number of spa and personal care services, shipboard stores and boutiques, photography departments and art auctions at prices that have been the cause of an increased competition. Some of these services are offered by the concessionaires and subcontractors. Other than these there are some Cruise companies that have started to introduce varied practices in order to build the customer base that makes them spend more money. These services include cybercafà ©s, satellite telephone services, restaurants and bars, and diverse revenue-generating schemes in passengers cabins that include the interactive multimedia and TV, minibars. One of the main aims that are linked with cruising includes relaxing and having a vacation whereas there is one class of consumers that are more into enjoying all kinds of services that are being provided along with enjoying all the destinations. Thereby there has been an increase in the kind of activities that are being offered at the cruise ships that include gambling, videogames, adventure sports, computers, culinary workshops, and virtual reality centers, theme nights and so on. On the other hand it has been seen that passengers on the cruise ships are also encouraged to participate in an increasing number of onshore activities. The marketing campaigns of these activities on the ships began in the 1980s and since that time there has been an increase in the number of excursion tours and port lecturers, contracted with local concessionaires and tour operators so that later on it can be sold to passengers onboard. Cruising may last for several hours as the time increase when there is anchoring and the ship is docked. These dockings also provide different themes and a number of activities that include sightseeing, as there are sites that include natural, ecological and bio spherical locations. Along with these the destinations include wildlife viewing; adventure sports excursions, adventure tours, along with diverse environments that include natural environments; and historical places and cultural tours, museums and monumental heritages. It has been seen that these days the cruise industry has been able to maintain good relationships with the land-based tourism industry. In addition to this the bargaining power has also increased in the recent years and these have impacts on the services and these bargaining powers have also provided additional income from selling of such products and services. It has been estimated that there is an additional income associated with an arrangement of the On-shore excursions and visits to ports for many cruise companies. Thereby as a service it has been seen that passengers are provided with a map from which the passengers can select their destinations. These maps also include service shops that are associated with the cruise shops along with commercial establishments in a specific area.. In the year of 1990, it was seen that there were changes in these strategies provided to the passengers as there was an introduction of the concept of Private Island. This concept was developed by Norwegian Cruise Lines and was later on adopted by other companies that were providing the cruising services in the Caribbean waters. These strategies have been the cause of additional incomes for these companies. Newer cruise companies have an additional control over some shops. Other than onboard revenue, there are many alternative ways by the help of which cruise industries are making money having better economic results as there has been an increase in the economies of scale and there has been an improved in the management systems. Economic scales have also shown changes in the case of cruising industries as there has been an increase in the port-related activities with an increase in the port based activities. Thereby ports are now the source of an increased incomes even since the 9/11 attacks, as there has been a redesigning of the cruise routes as these routes are now closer to United States. These changes in routes have now caused a great change in the market trends in the case of Caribbean cities that have offered a reduction in the port charges. One of the most important facts in this case illustrates the fact that cruise companies are now playing important roles in an economic development along with a port facilities and infrastructures. Future Trends Within a short time, there has been an increase in the potential growth of cruise industry with an increase in the capability to move ships and fleets with an increase in the cruising demands. There has been an increase in the fuel price in the face of economic crisis, an increase in the terrorism, along with an increase in the political instability have been some of the most important challenges that are being faced by the cruise industries. Since the last ten years, cruise companies have ordered new and improved ships on the daily basis. On the other hand, the new ships that have been ordered are the ones that the new ships have added additional 20 billion dollars with an addition of 85,480 berths in the cruising market. It has been estimated that until 2012 there will be an addition of 4.2 million passengers. On the other hand, cruising companies including Royal Caribbean International have been ordering more innovative and luxurious ships that have additional capacities that also include Genesis-class vessels, and these have the cost of around $1.65 billion. On the other hand it has been seen that these new ships have an additional capacity of 5,400 passengers and 2,100 crewmembers. However one of the main changes that have taken place is that there are slower economic changes that have caused reconsideration in the business having a control over the costs and a reduction in the costs. But there have been some studies carried out by the financial analysts and they have argued that there will be no effects of these economic changes on the passengers. There have been many arrangements made by these companies with additional fleets that are equipped with more innovative services and technologies. These services promise better services to the passengers as there has been an increase in the innovative ships that can offer better services and better environments to the passengers. Many cruise executives are convinced that the current economic situation has an advantage on the cruise companies. CONCLUSION It has been seen that the cruise companies is now a more competitive market business. There has been an increase in the development of the cruise business with an increase in the business competition with latest and more innovative ships and improved technology. With this there is an addition of many clients and customers that have become more demanding with increased demands of 24 hour entertainment. There is an increase in the strains that are being faced. There is a need to increase the clients as these clients are the only source of profits as there is a need to market share and sales volume. Thereby there is a need of new clientele that can help the cruise industry to compete with greater and better challenges. These days it has been seen that the companies are now competing for new Asian markets , Middle East, Amazon and Brazil, Greenland and the Antarctic regions, as it has been realized that there are regions that offer better prospects for profits.

U.S. Foreign Policys Effects on Modern Turkey Essay -- Politics Polit

U.S. Foreign Policy's Effects on Modern Turkey Turkey has managed to be halfway in and halfway out across most of the burning subjects of the past century. Tod Lindberg, The Washington Times (Lindberg) This statement best describes the relationship today between the United States and modern Turkey. It is a nation that plays a crucial role in U.S. foreign policy because of its strategic location and its democratic government. However, Turkey often is overlooked in the larger picture of U.S. foreign policy. Because of this, Turkey has managed to only be partially involved in major international affairs. To put it bluntly, America uses Turkey when it needs it, but other than that, Turkey is not a major priority of U.S. foreign policy. The problem with this situation is that Turkey often suffers. It can be noted that U.S. foreign policy has aided modern Turkey in several ways. However, for the most part, U.S. foreign policy has slowed the growth and development of modern Turkey. The Gulf War of 1991 left Turkey crippled, but it gained a strong relationship with the United States. Turkey played a crucial role in the first Gulf War and in post-Gulf War activities. During the 1991 Gulf War, Turkey allowed U.S. troops to operate on its soil and allowed its border to be used to wage a northern attack on Iraq (Ciarrocca). After the war was over, U.S. fighter jets used the Turkish air base, Incirlik, to patrol the UN-mandated northern "no fly" zone in Iraq (Hedges). Without Turkey's cooperation in these international affairs the campaigns would not have been as successful as they were. However, Turkey did suffer because of its cooperation with U.S. foreign policy. Because of Turkey's role in the first Gulf war, it ... ...nd Turkey. 14 December 2003.? Greimel, Hans. (2003). ?World wary of more attacks, determined not to give in.? Associated Press (21 November). Found in Lexis-Nexis, keyword: ?U.S. Foreign Policy? and Turkey. 15 December 2003. Hedges, Stephen. (2003). ?Turkey thrust into vital gulf role; Nation leery of regionwide backlash?. Chicago Tribune (21 January). Found at Global Security 16 December 2003. http://www.globalsecurity.org/org/news/2003/030121-turk01.htm. Lindberg, Tod. (2003). ?The odd man out; Turkey forgotten in U.S. foreign policy.? The Washington Times (17 June). Found in Lexis-Nexis, keyword: ?U.S. Foreign Policy? and Turkey. 15 December 2003. Parris, Mark. (2003). ?Turkey?s Future Direction and U.S.-Turkey Relations.? Federal News Service (1 October).? Found in Lexis-Nexis, keyword: ?U.S. Foreign Policy? and Turkey. 15 December 2003.

The Hypodermic-Syringe Model Essay -- science

The Hypodermic-Syringe Model The hypodermic syringe model suggest that the media is alike a magic bullet and when an audience is targeted it will immediately be knocked down when they are hit. The hypodermic-syringe model also suggests that society is passive and the media â€Å"inject† their media influence into society and manipulates it. The Frankfurt school envisioned the media as a hypodermic syringe, and the contents of the media were injected into the thoughts of the audience, who accepted the attitudes, opinions and beliefs expressed by the media without question. This model was a response to the German fascist’s use of film and radio for propaganda, and later applied to American capitalist society. The followers of the hypodermic model of Effects adopted a variant of Marxism, emphasizing the dangers of the power of capitalism, which owned and controlled new forms of media. Researchers in the fifties also supported the Effects model when exploring the potential of the new medium of television. Researchers were particularly concerned over increases in the representation of violent acts on television, which related with increases in violent acts in society. In the nineties, there was considerable concern over what were called "video nasties". The tabloid papers created a moral panic over whether particular violet films could influence child behavior – and whether Childs Play 3 influenced the child killers of Jamie Bulger, but there was no proof that they had watched it....

Book

Oliver Stone used a Logical appeal making the reader to think about the case by his/ her mind and trying to convince the reader and to clarify that whatever Inside the person will motivate he/she in either ways good or evil; â€Å"It is likely that, whether they had seen Natural Born Killers or The Green Berets or a Tom and Jerry cartoon the night before their first crime, Ben and Sarah would have behaved In exactly the way they did†.Stone logically argued back with a valid point. All teenagers around Hanna 2 the world have seen the movie and they weren't affected by It like Ben and Sarah ere; the problem seems to be in Ben and Sarah, not the movie. â€Å"1 500 hours of mostly violent TV programming might have slightly more effect on these two youngsters than two hours of Natural born killers? â€Å".Ben and Sarah could have never been affected by a two hours movie and motivated them to attempt a crime; as millions of people saw the movie and they never heard about somebody who attempted a crime from just watching a violent movie, as Natural born killers was not and won't be the last violent movie. The whole problem comes from the inner of Ben's and Sarah's, both of them had a bad life where the family was not there nor taking are of them or watching out their teenage children.We can tell that both of Sarah and Ben came out from a separated and different families where the love bond was not there; but they did share similarities in their personalities as both of them were drinking, doing drugs and as they don't have any source of Income eventually they will need money to continue living; That's what actually motivated them to attempt the crimes they did, not the movie. When a person is good and have pure thoughts his/her actions will be good and useful for others too, if that person is not, probably his/her actions will hurt others.And that is actually what happened with Ben and Sarah, both of them turned to be bad and do evil actions from what they sa w In their lives not from what the movie they saw. 1 OFF Using logical appeal was not enough to Oliver Stone clarifying and defending himself against Gresham, therefore he used ethical appeal; as Stone build up his argument talking about Gresham himself â€Å"A lawyer in search of a client could see in this an indictment of the entertainment industry and not of the teenage killers and those who reared them†.Oliver Stone trying to tell us that a lawyer who is Just looking for none and does not care about lives and the safety of people is not a person to trust; how can you trust a person who doesn't care about people lives and about how those teenagers had been raised up are not a responsible people. As we should care about this generation who's coming up to this world and help them to be better people for our country not to use them Just to get clients and make some money, Oliver here is trying to defend himself by blaming Gresham and everybody who's supporting those youngster s as it's not logical that.What can control a person ? A movie or the person himself !? How can Gresham blame a movie for attempting two murders ? Ben and Sarah are eighteen and nineteen years old, they are mature enough to control their actions and it's really a childish thing to blame a movie for motivating them to attempt two murder crimes one each. What gives a man a value than any others organism is the MIND which we can use to control our actions.Hanna 4 â€Å"If Dan White, the killer of San Francisco supervisor Harvey Milk and Mayor George Nosecone, could claim that Twenties made me do it† Oliver is continuing using ethical appeals by saying that a person can not do whatever he wants then blame it to other people or things and say that it was not his/her fault as somebody else or something motivated him/her to do a crime.Watching a movie is not the big thing that can motivate you, and if it's what about those people who are losing their families in the wars, and we nev er heard about any of them turned to be a murder, even us and our friends we all watch horror movies and play violent video games and it never turned us to violent people who can go and kill the others or even Jump into somebody else car and steal it, it is Just because there is no need to do that. But Ben and Sarah had their reasons to attempt the crimes but that is not an excuse to do a crime even when you have reasons.Artists should never be blamed for societal violence; in most cases, they are merely holding a mirror up to the reality that already exists or providing catharsis for emotions we are already suppressing. Violence is there and it does exist in the movies and we can not deny that but one who's watching is the one who decides what to do and how his/her actions will look like. One should use his/her mind before going for an action and then regret it later.

Describe what can happen in the society without law, especially in the field of business Essay

– Fraus omnia corrumpit  (theory of fraud), according to which one can never rely on a fraudulent act to justify the application of a rule of law to its own profit. The scope of application, the conditions of application, and the legal effects thereof will be defined, since they are subject of debate. Further, the relation between the principle Fraus omnia corrumpit and other concepts or general principles of law will be examined. For this, the discussed principle can fulfil three possible functions (with each time different legal effects): a mere explanatory function for other concepts of law; a corrective mechanism which excludes the application of rules of law in case of fraud; or the function of a fully autonomous concept of law. The results of this research will provide a new insight into the role of general principles of private law in the hierarchy of sources of law. The correct scope and function of the principle Fraus omnia corrumpit are still uncertain in law due to a lack of fundamental research, contrary to other systems of law. Innovative research (according to internal and external comparative law and a functional-inductive approach) will result in fixing the contours of this principle, which will lead to higher legal certainty. – Non bis in idem, Ne bis in idem, which translates literally from Latin as â€Å"not twice in the same [thing]†, is a legal doctrine to the effect that no legal action can be instituted twice for the same cause of action. It is a legal concept originating in Roman Civil Law, but it is essentially the equivalent of the double jeopardy (autrefois acquit) doctrine found in common law jurisdictions. – In dubio pro reo The principle of in dubio pro reo (Latin for â€Å"when in doubt, for the accused†) means that a defendant may not be convicted by the court when doubts about his or her guilt remain. It is often used specifically to refer to the principle of presumption of innocence that dictates that when a criminal statute allows more than one interpretation, the one that favours the defendant should be chosen. The Latin phase in dubio pro reo translates as in doubt, for the accused. A more expanded definition is that courts and  juries must take the side of an accused party when there are doubts about the charges. This is connected to reasonable doubt and to presumed innocence, which are a foundational part of many justice systems. It also affects the rule of lenity, when judges must make interpretive decisions about ambiguous laws in favor of someone who is accused.

Global Business

Global Business Assignment Elecdyne Student ID: 11071850 Name: Qingyuan Lin Submission Date: 09/01/2013 Word account: 2585 Contents 1. 0 Introduction3 1. 1 Background3 1. 2 Objective3 2. 0 STEEP table analysis4 3. 0 Country Analysis6 3. 1 country select and compare6 3. 2 Porter’s Diamond Theory7 3. 3 SWOT analysis8 3. 5 Summary of data13 3. 6Discussion13 4. 0 Type of method to internationalize13 5. 0 Conclusion15 1. 0 Introduction 1. 1 Background Elecdyne is a Tokyo corporation founded in 1990, which dedicated themselves to markets a series of televisions, CD Players, DVD players, MP3 players to their wide range of domestic customers.In recent years, with the deepening of domestic electronics market competition, the company's profit declined in the last two years, and now it is facing the uncertain outlook. Moreover, the company has to confront the chief designer leaving, growth of technological licenses fees and loss of product price advantage. It is evident that Elecdyne doe s not have the capacity to afford the license fees and recruit new R;D graduates. In order to relieve the internal and external crisis of the Elecdyne, the board of Elecdyne has decided to go international. As the European Commission (2010) views that a immediate elation between internationalisation and increased SME performance: international activities strengthen development, improve competitiveness and sustain the long-term sustainable development of companies. With regard to Elecdyne, the management team focuses on the production cost reduction, license for patent technology and market access; and cultural diversity and uncertain risk will be also considered. Though the company has never touched with overseas markets, all of the top management teams have learnt foreign language, and some of them held the oversea university diploma.But what is certain is that the Elecdyne will get the chance to redevelop its business in the globalization. 1. 2 Objective The objective of this repo rt is to analyse the global environment for the electronics industry by using the STEEP and SWOT theory for the three potential countries. The three considerable countries compared in this report are China, Thailand and the United States respectively. The report based on data comparison and pragmatic theoretical analysis, to determine the most suitable country and the optimal way to enter new markets. . 0 STEEP table analysis In order to analyse the environment of Elecdyne more thoroughly, the STEEP table will be utilized. As Venture Navigator (2008) mentioned, The STEEP model is a tool to help the user think about the broader issues that have an influence on the industry or service field as a holistic study, including five main factors: Socio-cultural factors, Technological environment, Economic environment, Ecological environment and Political factors. The following diagram illustrates a comprehensive business environment of the Elecdyne.Socio-cultural factors| 1. As Weil (2008) e xplains that after 2008, electronic products are consisting in our lives ubiquitously. People who likely to choose the electronic products to acquire external information from their Mobile phones or television. 2. Favourable population structure, rising discretionary incomes of consumer, and developing more relevant lifestyles is expected to facilitate the global consumer electronics industry. (Lucintel, 2012) 3. With the proliferation of broadband, accessing the media has become easy and rewarding for consumers.And suppliers of the electronics are constantly updating their technology innovation to keep up with consumer requirements. (ALTERA, 2012)| Technological environment| 1. With regard to electronic, technological innovation has become indispensable to adapt new marketplace competitions and cater to consumer preferences. (Accenture, 2010) 2. According to Accenture (2012) reported Smartphones and tablet PC are the â€Å"star† in electronics products market, and consumers use the virtual network to access a great deal of information. 3.With the striction in the electronics industry, producers are under enormous pressure to create new products. Since product development cycles shorten, the electronics industry is still pumping out better products. | Economic environment| 1. As Weil (2008) views the electronics industry has weathered the most recent economic recession with relatively effortless, especially when compared to other industries. 2. With the Consumer Electronics Association reports global spending on technology facilities will exceed $1 trillion in 2012, increasing by 5% over 2011’s figure of $993 billion. CEA, 2012) 3. According to Weil (2008) mentioned, Jim Feldhan said enterprises see tremendous value in electronics, and the electronic products become an extremely popular consumption product. | Ecological environment| 1. There are thousands of scrap electronic products are dumped in landfills or burned in smelters, and these discar ded electronic products have potentially serious damage to adjacent resident. (GREENPEACE, 2012) 2. Through regulation, enterprises will be required to get more used electronics back, which will improve the recovery ratio and reuse more devices. SCRC, 2012)| Political factors| 1. According to European Commission (2012) mentioned, the investment policy of European Union (EU) is emphasized to providing entire investments with legal certainty and a reliable, predictable, impartial and proper regulated environment in which to conduct their business. 2. With Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) flows have increased dramatically, the investors look at stable, predictable macro economic policy, an effective and honest government and intellectual property protection. 3.As International Trade Administration (2012) views Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) have proved to be one of the best ways to enter into foreign markets for American exporters. Trade Agreements reduce trade barriers to U. S. exports, and protect U. S. interests. | 3. 0 Country Analysis 3. 1 country select and compare 3. 11 China As BBC News (2012) reported China's Economic expansion accelerated remarkably in the 1990s due to mass privatization, reforming and the opening up of the country to overseas investment. A large number of multinational corporations crowded into this world factory to take advantage of its cheap labour force.To this day, the government of China has claimed that it welcomes foreign investment. Especially China gives incentive to investors to invest in higher value-added industry, including high-tech research and development, advanced manufacturing, and select modern services sectors. (State, 2011) 3. 12 France As the big EU member states, the French possess remarkable technology, broad market and good infrastructure, and central location in Europe. The French government affirms foreign investment is a positive method to create employment opportunities and stimulate growth.Investment regulati ons are unconstrained, and a large number of financial encouragement are available to foreign investors. In addition, the French government also utilizes fiscal subsidies and tax concessions to attract the attention of investor to France's underdeveloped regions. Preferential policies are available equally to French and foreign investors and eligibility requirements are the same. (State, 2012) 3. 13 The United States (US) The US owned the largest and most technologically powerful economy in the world. Not only do foreign investors have the freedom to make economic decisions within the U.S. economy, but also enjoy relatively low levels of regulation and taxation. Moreover, the US provides a foreseeable and transparent legal system, excellent infrastructure, and the most profitable consumer market. (AmCham, 2012) To compare with Japan, China own cheap labour power and attractive investment incentive; France has an investment preferential policy as well as remarkable technology; in add ition to above, the US offers an impeccable legal system, excellent infrastructure and the most profitable consumption market. 3. 2 Porter’s Diamond TheoryPorter's diamond model, which offers a comprehensive way to realize the competitive position of a nation in the global competition scale. And business leaders may use this model to assess in which counties to invest, and to assess which countries are most likely to be able to continue growth and development. Porter's model includes 4 determinants of national advantage, which are shortly described below: Factor Conditions For the company, the Highly skilled workforce is the key success factors. Since it will affect the development of the company.The sufficient linguistic abilities of the staff could make the operation become more effective. Cheap labour and minimum wages can greatly reduce the cost of production. Demand conditions The per capita disposable income will directly affect the demand of market. Whether the product s cater to customer requirements, it will impact the company’s performance. Related and Supporting Industries The existence or non-existence of internationally competitive supplying industries and supporting industries. Firm Strategy, Structure, and RivalryIn different nations, management structures, working attitude, or interactions between companies are shaped diversely. This will offer advantages and disadvantages for special industries. 3. 3 SWOT analysis Previous suggested by Albert S Humphrey in the 1960s, SWOT analysis is an effectively useful instrument for all sorts of situations in business and organizations to understand and make decisions. The management team could use the SWOT analysis in order to fully use the advantage and opportunities as well as weaken the threat.The detailed strengths and weakness of factor is formulated in following table. (Businessballs, 2004) Strength| Weakness| * The brand of Elecdyn has 20 years experience in producing electronics * Exp erienced employee (could speak English), some of them have a broad education background * Producing a range of electronic products * Low cost production * Elecdyne owns abundant experience competing in a large and strongly competitive market, which proves the competitive capacity ofElecdyn| * Lack of key innovation * 5% cut down on price * No growth in the last two years, and lead to key employees leaving * Increasing expenses of technological licenses * Unable to recruit R;D graduates * Lake of experiences to manage an overseas business * Elecdyne is currently at a loss . This means that the limited financial resources. | 3. 4 Weighting table – Opportunities and threats Factor weighting| Japan| Other countries| 1 to10| 0| -10 to 10| Ps: 1 = not important, 10 = very important 10 = worse than Japan, +10 = better than Japan PEST table Political| Japan| China| France| The US| Source| Corporation tax % 6| 40. 69(0)| 25. 005*6=30| 33. 333*6=18| 40. 001*6=6| Nationmaster| Political | Japan| China| France| The US| Source| Tariffs % 7| 0(0)| 10-10*7=-70| 6-6*7=-42| 5-5*7=-35| WTO| Political risk medium/long term 5| 1(0)| 2-2*5=-10| 10 *5=0| 10*5=0| ONDDA| Political stability 7| 86. 42(0)| 46. 83-6*7=-42| 82. 22-1*7=-7| 72. 84-2*7=-14| ONDDA| Regulatory quality 6| 76. 62(0)| 45. 88-6*6=-36| 85. 702*6=12| 87. 42*6=12| Global innovation index| Total| | -128/5=-25. 6| -19/5=-3. 8| -31/5=6. 2| | Economic| Japan| China| France| The US| Source| GDP growth rate % 4| -0. 80(0)| 9. 28*4=32| 1. 71*4=4| 1. 81*4=4| CIA| GDP per capita(USD) 5| 39578. 07(0)| 2634. 71-10*5=-50| 23016. 85-4*5=-20| 37691. 00-1*5=-5| CIA| Minimum Hourly Wage ($) 10| 11(0)| 2. 256*10=60| 17-4*10=-40| 15-3*10=-30| Minimum- wage| Working hours(per week) 6| 40 hours(0)| 40 hours0*6=0| 38. 4 hours-1*6=-6| 40 hours0*6=0| Prospects| Economic| Japan| China| France| The US| Source|UnemploymentRate % 6 | 4. 6(0)| 6. 52*6=12| 9. 24*6=24| 94*6=24| CIA| Interest rate 8| 0. 00(0)| 6. 00-6*8=-48| 0. 75-1*8=-8| 0 . 25-1*8=-8| Tradingeconomics| Market size Ranking 8| 4(0)| 22*8=16| 7-4*8=-32| 14*8=32| Global innovation index| Disposable income $ 8| 23,458(0)| 3,384-10*8=-80| 27,7893*8=24| 37,7089*8=72| OECD| Inflation Rate% 4| -0. 30(0)| 5. 50-5*4=-20| 2. 30-2*4=-8| 3. 10-3*4=-12| CIA| Total| | -78/9=-8. 66| -62/9=-6. 88| 77/9=15. 4| | Social| Japan| China| France| The US| Source| Population in (million) 8| 127. 6(0)| 1343. 2310*8=80| 65. 63-1*8=-8| 313. 843*8=24| CIA| Individualism 4| 46(0)| 205*4=20| 71-5*4=-20| 91-7*4=-28| Geert-hofstede| Power distance (culture) 4| 54(0)| 804*4=16| 682*4=8| 40-1*4=-4| Geert-hofstede| Social| Japan| China| France| The US| Source| Expenditure on education 8| 27. 22(0)| 11. 15-2*8=-16| 48. 792*8=16| 45. 922*8=16| Global innovation index| Uncertainty Avoidance 6| 92(0)| 306*6=36| 862*6=12| 465*6=30| Geert-hofstede| Total | | 136/5=27. 2| 8/5=1. 6| 38/5=7. 6| | Technological| Japan| China| France| The US| Source|R;D expenditure 8| 80. 53(0)| 34. 07-6*8= œ48| 51. 88-4*8=-32| 65. 00-2*8=-16| Global innovation index| University/industry research collaboration (Rank) 6| 15(0)| 28-6*6=-36| 34-8*6=-48| 36*6=36| Global innovation index| Global Innovation Index 7| 51. 7(0)| 45. 4-1*7=-7| 51. 80*7=0| 57. 71*7=7| Global innovation index| Quality of scienti? c research institutions 6| 75. 75(0)| 55. 20-4*6=-24| 72. 470*6=0| 80. 451*6=6| Global innovation index| Total| | -115/4=-28. 75| -80/4=-20| 33/4=8. 25| | 3. 5 Summary of data Japan| China| France| The US| Political| 0| -25. 6| -3. 8| 6. 2| Economic| 0| -8. 66| -6. 88| 15. 4| Social| 0| 27. 2| 1. 6| 7. 6| Technological | 0| -28. 75| -20| 8. 25| Totals| 0| -35. 81| -29. 08| 37. 45| 4. 6 Discussion Based upon the results of data analysis, the best choice for Elecdyne is the US, which having the highest mark in the result. The scores of China and France are significantly lower than America, even if they emerge slightly advantage in some items. As for China, though it had highest GDP real gro wth rate 9. % in 2011, due to the large population, the per capita GDP is dramatically lower than America. That means Chinese citizens are having not enough disposable income to consume. The French government although utilizes preferential to attract investment, the Minimum Hourly Wage is the highest than China and the US. It will be greatly increased the cost of production. On the contrary, not only the US government provides favourable policy and huge consumer market, but also the appropriate R&D expenditure and reasonable scienti? research institutions. To sum up, the US market has greater potential than the other two countries. 4. 0 Type of method to internationalize With regard to internationalize, the Elecdyne could choose the most compatible method to enter a new market. The advantage and disadvantage of the way to internationalize should be analysed rigorously by the management team on the basis of established expansion strategy. The proper methods are joint ventures, Greenf ield sites, mergers or acquisitions respectively. Joint VentureThe Joint Venture means that the cooperation of two or more individuals or businesses in which each approve to share profit, loss and control in a specific company. (Investopedia, 2012) Greenfield Sites An area of agricultural or forest land, or some other undeveloped site earmarked for commercial development or project engineering. (Businessdictionary, 2012) Mergers and Acquisitions A merger is incorporated between two similarly sized companies, which is combined to shape a new company. An acquisition occurs when one company lawfully purchases another and becomes the new owner. Investinganswers, 2012) The following table indicates analyse the advantage and disadvantage of these three methods. Type of method | Strengths| Weaknesses| Joint Venture | * The opportunity to gain new capacity and expertise * Sharing of risks with a venture partner * Access to greater resources, including specialized staff and technology| * The objectives of the venture may not fully clear and executed to each participant. * Different cultures concepts and management styles may affect integration and cooperation. Imbalance in levels of expertise| Greenfield Sites| * The environment changed from rural to urban use * Good policies of local government * Wholly owned and fully control| * More expensive housing * Demand excessive cash * Undertake full risk * High initial investment| Mergers and Acquisitions| * A merger does not require cash * A merger may be achieved tax-free. * The merger allows the acquirer to avoid many of the costly and time-consuming aspects of asset purchases * Form a scale of production and reduce production cost * Increase product awareness, enhance corporate image. * Diseconomies of scale, which may give rise to higher unit costs. * Conflict of culture between different businesses, may reduce the effectiveness of the integration. * Make a part of workers unnecessary, this may have a bad effect on moti vation. | According to the situation and background of the Elecdyne, the best option is incorporated with other electronics. In short, it will be changeover current plight, increasing profit and lower the risks. In the long run, it will be good for the company to gain prestige and more agile development space. 5. 0 ConclusionThe findings indicate that the Elecdyne confront the challenge and opportunity according to STEEP analysis. And the report also analyses the external and internal environment of Elecdyne based on the SWOT and Porter’s Diamond Theory. Through the PEST analysis, makes a compare between three countries, and finally concluded the US was the best choice for the Elecdyne to exploit the overseas market. This paper has finally advised Elecdyne to mergers or acquisitions with other countries. Reference Accenture (2010) Growth through Innovation in the Electronics and High Tech Industry.Available online at: http://www. accenture. com/us-en/Pages/insight-growth-inno vation-electronics-high-tech. aspx (Accessed: 02 Jan 2013) Accenture (2012) The 2012 Accenture Consumer Electronics Trends Study. 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